python+appium+yaml移动端自动化测试框架实现详解
(编辑：jimmy 日期: 2024/12/29 浏览：2)
结构介绍
之前分享过一篇安卓UI测试，但是没有实现数据与代码分离，后期维护成本较高，所以最近抽空优化了一下。
不想看文章得可以直接去Github，欢迎拍砖
大致结构如下：
testyaml管理用例，实现数据与代码分离，一个模块一个文件夹
public 存放公共文件，如读取配置文件、启动appium服务、读取Yaml文件、定义日志格式等
page 存放最小测试用例集，一个模块一个文件夹
results 存放测试报告及失败截图
logs 存放日志
testcase 存放测试用例runtest.py 运行所有测试用例
yaml格式介绍
首先看下yaml文件的格式，之前也写过一点关于yaml语法学习的文章
testcase部分是重点，其中：
element_info：定位元素信息
find_type：属性，id、xpath、text、ids
operate_type: click、sendkeys、back、swipe_up 为back就是返回，暂时就四种
上面三个必填，operate_type必填!!!!!!
send_content：send_keys 时用到
index：ids时用到
times: 返回次数或者上滑次数
testinfo: - id: cm001 title: 新增终端门店 execute: 1 testcase: - element_info: 客户 find_type: text operate_type: click - element_info: com.fiberhome.waiqin365.client:id/cm_topbar_tv_right find_type: id operate_type: click - element_info: com.fiberhome.waiqin365.client:id/custview_id_singletv_inputtext find_type: ids operate_type: send_keys send_content: auto0205 index: 0 - element_info: find_type: operate_type: swipe_up times: 1 - element_info: 提交 find_type: text operate_type: click - element_info: find_type: operate_type: back times: 1
代码部分
公共部分
个人觉得核心的就是公共部分，相当于建房子，公共部分搞好了，后面仅仅是调用即可，建房子把架子搭好，后面就添砖加瓦吧。
读取配置文件readconfig.py
设置日志格式logs.py
获取设备GetDevices.py
这几个通用的就不做介绍了
读取yaml文件 GetYaml.py
主要用来读取yaml文件
#coding=utf-8
#author='Shichao-Dong'
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')
import yaml
import codecs
class getyaml:
def __init__(self,path):
self.path = path
def getYaml(self):
'''
读取yaml文件
:param path: 文件路径
:return:
'''
try:
f = open(self.path)
data =yaml.load(f)
f.close()
return data
except Exception:
print(u"未找到yaml文件")
def alldata(self):
data =self.getYaml()
return data
def caselen(self):
data = self.alldata()
length = len(data['testcase'])
return length
def get_elementinfo(self,i):
data = self.alldata()
# print data['testcase'][i]['element_info']
return data['testcase'][i]['element_info']
def get_findtype(self,i):
data = self.alldata()
# print data['testcase'][i]['find_type']
return data['testcase'][i]['find_type']
def get_operate_type(self,i):
data = self.alldata()
# print data['testcase'][i]['operate_type']
return data['testcase'][i]['operate_type']
def get_index(self,i):
data = self.alldata()
if self.get_findtype(i)=='ids':
return data['testcase'][i]['index']
else:
pass
def get_send_content(self,i):
data = self.alldata()
# print data['testcase'][i]['send_content']
if self.get_operate_type(i) == 'send_keys':
return data['testcase'][i]['send_content']
else:
pass
def get_backtimes(self,i):
data = self.alldata()
if self.get_operate_type(i)=='back' or self.get_operate_type(i)=='swipe_up':
return data['testcase'][i]['times']
else:
pass
def get_title(self):
data = self.alldata()
# print data['testinfo'][0]['title']
return data['testinfo'][0]['title']
启动appium服务 StartAppiumServer.py
主要是启动appium并返回端口port,这个port在下面的driver中需要
#coding=utf-8
#author='Shichao-Dong'
from logs import log
import random,time
import platform
import os
from GetDevices import devices
log = log()
dev = devices().get_deviceName()
class Sp:
def __init__(self, device):
self.device = device
def __start_driver(self, aport, bpport):
"""
:return:
"""
if platform.system() == 'Windows':
import subprocess
subprocess.Popen("appium -p %s -bp %s -U %s" %
(aport, bpport, self.device), shell=True)
def start_appium(self):
"""
启动appium
p:appium port
bp:bootstrap port
:return: 返回appium端口参数
"""
aport = random.randint(4700, 4900)
bpport = random.randint(4700, 4900)
self.__start_driver(aport, bpport)
log.info(
'start appium :p %s bp %s device:%s' %
(aport, bpport, self.device))
time.sleep(10)
return aport
def main(self):
"""
:return: 启动appium
"""
return self.start_appium()
def stop_appium(self):
'''
停止appium
:return:
'''
if platform.system() == 'Windows':
os.popen("taskkill /f /im node.exe")
if __name__ == '__main__':
s = Sp(dev)
s.main()
获取driver GetDriver.py
platformName、deviceName、appPackage、appActivity这些卸载配置文件config.ini文件中，可以直接通过readconfig.py文件读取获得。
appium_port有StartAppiumServer.py文件返回
s = Sp(deviceName)
appium_port = s.main()
def mydriver():
desired_caps = {
'platformName':platformName,'deviceName':deviceName, 'platformVersion':platformVersion,
'appPackage':appPackage,'appActivity':appActivity,
'unicodeKeyboard':True,'resetKeyboard':True,'noReset':True
}
try:
driver = webdriver.Remote('http://127.0.0.1:%s/wd/hub'%appium_port,desired_caps)
time.sleep(4)
log.info('获取driver成功')
return driver
except WebDriverException:
print 'No driver'
if __name__ == "__main__":
mydriver()
重新封装find等命令，BaseOperate.py
里面主要是一些上滑、返回、find等一些基础操作
#coding=utf-8
#author='Shichao-Dong'
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from logs import log
import os
import time
'''
一些基础操作：滑动、截图、点击页面元素等
'''
class BaseOperate:
def __init__(self,driver):
self.driver = driver
def back(self):
'''
返回键
:return:
'''
os.popen("adb shell input keyevent 4")
def get_window_size(self):
'''
获取屏幕大小
:return: windowsize
'''
global windowSize
windowSize = self.driver.get_window_size()
return windowSize
def swipe_up(self):
'''
向上滑动
:return:
'''
windowsSize = self.get_window_size()
width = windowsSize.get("width")
height = windowsSize.get("height")
self.driver.swipe(width/2, height*3/4, width/2, height/4, 1000)
def screenshot(self):
now=time.strftime("%y%m%d-%H-%M-%S")
PATH = lambda p: os.path.abspath(
os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), p)
)
screenshoot_path = PATH('../results/screenshoot/')
self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(screenshoot_path+now+'.png')
def find_id(self,id):
'''
寻找元素
:return:
'''
exsit = self.driver.find_element_by_id(id)
if exsit :
return True
else:
return False
def find_name(self,name):
'''
判断页面是否存在某个元素
:param name: text
:return:
'''
findname = "//*[@text='%s']"%(name)
exsit = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname)
if exsit :
return True
else:
return False
def get_name(self,name):
'''
定位页面text元素
:param name:
:return:
'''
# element = driver.find_element_by_name(name)
# return element
findname = "//*[@text='%s']"%(name)
try:
element = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_xpath(findname))
# element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname)
self.driver.implicitly_wait(2)
return element
except:
self.screenshot()
log.error('未定位到元素：'+'%s')%(name)
def get_id(self,id):
'''
定位页面resouce-id元素
:param id:
:return:
'''
try:
element = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_id(id))
# element = self.driver.find_element_by_id(id)
self.driver.implicitly_wait(2)
return element
except:
self.screenshot()
log.error('未定位到元素：'+'%s')%(id)
def get_xpath(self,xpath):
'''
定位页面xpath元素
:param id:
:return:
'''
try:
element = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_xpath(xpath))
# element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath)
self.driver.implicitly_wait(2)
return element
except:
self.screenshot()
log.error('未定位到元素：'+'%s')%(xpath)
def get_ids(self,id):
'''
定位页面resouce-id元素组
:param id:
:return:列表
'''
try:
# elements = self.driver.find_elements_by_id(id)
elements = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_elements_by_id(id))
self.driver.implicitly_wait(2)
return elements
except:
self.screenshot()
log.error('未定位到元素：'+'%s')%(id)
def page(self,name):
'''
返回至指定页面
:return:
'''
i=0
while i<10:
i=i+1
try:
findname = "//*[@text='%s']"%(name)
self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname)
self.driver.implicitly_wait(2)
break
except :
os.popen("adb shell input keyevent 4")
try:
findname = "//*[@text='确定']"
self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname).click()
self.driver.implicitly_wait(2)
except:
os.popen("adb shell input keyevent 4")
try:
self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@text='工作台']")
self.driver.implicitly_wait(2)
break
except:
os.popen("adb shell input keyevent 4")
Operate.py
我认为最关键的一步了，后面没有page都是调用这个文件进行测试，主要是根据读取的yaml文件，然后进行if...else...判断，根据对应的operate_type分别进行对应的click、sendkeys等操作
#coding=utf-8
#author='Shichao-Dong'
from GetYaml import getyaml
from BaseOperate import BaseOperate
class Operate:
def __init__(self,path,driver):
self.path = path
self.driver = driver
self.yaml = getyaml(self.path)
self.baseoperate=BaseOperate(driver)
def check_operate_type(self):
'''
读取yaml信息并执行
element_info：定位元素信息
find_type：属性，id、xpath、text、ids
operate_type: click、sendkeys、back、swipe_up 为back就是返回，暂时就三种
上面三个必填，operate_type必填!!!!!!
send_content：send_keys 时用到
index：ids时用到
times:
:return:
'''
for i in range(self.yaml.caselen()):
if self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == 'click':
if self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'text':
self.baseoperate.get_name(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).click()
elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'id':
self.baseoperate.get_id(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).click()
elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'xpath':
self.baseoperate.get_xpath(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).click()
elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'ids':
self.baseoperate.get_ids(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i))[self.yaml.get_index(i)].click()
elif self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == 'send_keys':
if self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'text':
self.baseoperate.get_name(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i))
elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'id':
self.baseoperate.get_id(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i))
elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'xpath':
self.baseoperate.get_xpath(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i))
elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == 'ids':
self.baseoperate.get_ids(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i))[self.yaml.get_index(i)].send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i))
elif self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == 'back':
for n in range(self.yaml.get_backtimes(i)):
self.baseoperate.back()
elif self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == 'swipe_up':
for n in range(self.yaml.get_backtimes(i)):
self.baseoperate.swipe_up()
def back_home(self):
'''
返回至工作台
:return:
'''
self.baseoperate.page('工作台')
公共部分的代码就介绍这么多，在编写这个框架的时候，大部分精力都花在这部分，所以个人觉得还是值得好好研究的
Page部分
page部分是最小用例集，一个模块一个文件夹，以客户为例，
目前写了两个用例，一个新增，一个排序，文件如下：
代码如下，非常的简洁,
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')
import codecs,os
from public.Operate import Operate
from public.GetYaml import getyaml
PATH = lambda p: os.path.abspath(
os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), p)
)
yamlpath = PATH("../../testyaml/cm/cm-001addcm.yaml")
class AddcmPage:
def __init__(self,driver):
self.path = yamlpath
self.driver = driver
self.operate = Operate(self.path,self.driver)
def operateap(self):
self.operate.check_operate_type()
def home(self):
self.operate.back_home()
运行用例
这部分用了unittest,运行所有测试用例和生成报告。
一个模块一个用例，以客户为例：CmTest.py
from page.cm.CmAddcmPage import AddcmPage from page.cm.CmSortcmPage import SortcmPage from public.GetDriver import mydriver driver = mydriver() import unittest,time class Cm(unittest.TestCase): def test_001addcm(self): ''' 新增客户 :return: ''' add = AddcmPage(driver) add.operateap() add.home() def test_002sortcm(self): ''' 客户排序 :return: ''' sort = SortcmPage(driver) sort.sortlist() sort.home() def test_999close(self): driver.quit() time.sleep(10) if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main()
首先从page层将需要运行的用例都import进来，然后用unittest运行即可。
如果想要运行所有的测试用例，需要用到runtest.py
import time,os
import unittest
import HTMLTestRunner
from testcase.CmTest import Cm
def testsuit():
suite = unittest.TestSuite()
suite.addTests([unittest.defaultTestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase(Cm),
])
# runner = unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2)
# runner.run(suite)
now=time.strftime("%y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S")
PATH = lambda p: os.path.abspath(
os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), p)
)
dirpath = PATH("./results/waiqin365-")
filename=dirpath + now +'result.html'
fp=open(filename,'wb')
runner=HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp,title='waiqin365 6.0.6beta test result',description=u'result:')
runner.run(suite)
fp.close()
if __name__ =="__main__":
testsuit()
这边的思路差不多，也是先导入再装入suite即可
总结
就目前而言，暂时算是实现了数据与用例的分离，但是yaml的编写要求较高，不能格式上出错。
同时也有一些其他可以优化的地方，如：
- 对弹窗的判断
- 断开后重连机制
- 失败后重跑机制