Docker实现Mariadb分库分表及读写分离功能

(编辑：jimmy 日期: 2024/12/25 浏览：2)

一、简介

本文使用docker实现mysql主从配置，读写分离、分库分表等功能。

二、环境准备

1.基础环境

java

java version "1.8.0_111"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_111-b14)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.111-b14, mixed mode)

docker

Client:
 Version:	18.03.0-ce
 API version:	1.37
 Go version:	go1.9.4
 Git commit:	0520e24
 Built:	Wed Mar 21 23:09:15 2018
 OS/Arch:	linux/amd64
 Experimental:	false
 Orchestrator:	swarm

Server:
 Engine:
 Version:	18.03.0-ce
 API version:	1.37 (minimum version 1.12)
 Go version:	go1.9.4
 Git commit:	0520e24
 Built:	Wed Mar 21 23:13:03 2018
 OS/Arch:	linux/amd64
 Experimental:	false

三、安装Mysql主从配置

1.部署信息

节点名称数据名称节点IP 端口 master marster 192.168.92.50 3306 slave slave 192.168.92.51 3307 mycat mycat 192.168.92.50 8066/9066

2.主节点配置文件

创建mysql主节点配置文件

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/master
mkdir conf data

创建主节点配置文件docker.cnf

[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin=master-bin #只是读写,就只要主库配置即可.如果要做主从切换，那么主库和从库都需要开启.
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
[mysql] 
default-character-set=utf8
[client] 
default-character-set=utf8

创建从节点配置文件 docker.conf

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/slave
mkdir conf data

[mysqld]
server-id=2
log-bin=master-bin 
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
[mysql] 
default-character-set=utf8
[client] 
default-character-set=utf8

3.创建mysql容器

此处使用mariadb最新稳定镜像创建容器

创建主节点myslq

docker run --name master -p 3306:3306 -v /usr/local/mysql/master/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /usr/local/mysql/master/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -idt mariadb:latest --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

创建从节点mysql

docker run --name slave -p 3307:3306 -v /usr/local/mysql/slave/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /usr/local/mysql/slave/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -idt mariadb:latest --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

4.开启主从复制

step 1 进入主节点

docker exec -it master /bin/bash
mysql -uroot -p

step 2 创建用户

create user 'backUser'@'%' identified by 'root';

grant replication slave on *.* to 'backUser'@'%';

flush privileges;

show master status;
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File    | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-bin.000003 |  787 |    |     |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)

step 3 进入从节点创建用户开启同步

docker exec -it slave /bin/bash

mysql -uroot -proot

change master to master_host='192.168.92.51',master_port=3306,master_user='backUser',master_password='root',master_log_file='master-bin.000003',master_log_pos=787;

开启主从复制：

start slave;

从节点设置日志和文件名要跟主节点信息对应，包括日志记录起始位置position

检查主从复制是否OK

show slave status \G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************
    Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
     Master_Host: 192.168.92.50
     Master_User: backUser
     Master_Port: 3306
     Connect_Retry: 60
    Master_Log_File: master-bin.000005
   Read_Master_Log_Pos: 343
    Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
     Relay_Log_Pos: 556
   Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000005
    Slave_IO_Running: Yes
    Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Slave出现2个YES,代表主从复制设置成功。

5、安装Mycat

下载mycat在50节点实现安装

tar -zxvf Mycat-server-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257-linux.tar.gz

mv mycat/ /usr/local/

修改mycat目录下 conf的server.xml 文件，指定用户名和密码

<"1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
	- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You 
	may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
	- - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - 
	distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT 
	WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the 
	License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations 
	under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd">
<mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
	<system>
	<property name="nonePasswordLogin">0</property> <!-- 0为需要密码登陆、1为不需要密码登陆 ,默认为0，设置为1则需要指定默认账户-->
	<property name="useHandshakeV10">1</property>
	<property name="useSqlStat">0</property> <!-- 1为开启实时统计、0为关闭 -->
	<property name="useGlobleTableCheck">0</property> <!-- 1为开启全加班一致性检测、0为关闭 -->
	<property name="sequnceHandlerType">0</property>
	<property name="subqueryRelationshipCheck">false</property>
	<property name="processorBufferPoolType">0</property>
	<property name="handleDistributedTransactions">0</property>
	<property name="useOffHeapForMerge">1</property>
		<!--单位为m-->
  <property name="memoryPageSize">64k</property>
		<!--单位为k-->
		<property name="spillsFileBufferSize">1k</property>
		<property name="useStreamOutput">0</property>
		<!--单位为m-->
		<property name="systemReserveMemorySize">384m</property>
		<!--是否采用zookeeper协调切换 -->
		<property name="useZKSwitch">false</property>
		<!-- XA Recovery Log日志名称 -->
		<!--<property name="XARecoveryLogBaseName">tmlog</property>-->
		<!--如果为 true的话 严格遵守隔离级别,不会在仅仅只有select语句的时候在事务中切换连接-->
		<property name="strictTxIsolation">false</property>
		<property name="useZKSwitch">true</property>
	</system>
	<user name="root">
		<property name="password">123456</property>
		<property name="schemas">test</property>
	</user>
</mycat:server>

上述配置，指定以root为用户名，密码为123456，访问虚拟逻辑数据库test。

配置rule规则

修改mycat conf 文件夹下的schema.xml 配置数据库对应规则

<"1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">

	<schema name="test" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100">
   <table name="tb_user" primaryKey="id" autoIncrement="true" dataNode="dn1,dn2,dn3,dn4" rule="userrule" />
		<table name="tb_category" primaryKey="id" dataNode="dn1,dn2,dn3,dn4" rule="categoryrule" />
	</schema>
	<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="db1" />
	<dataNode name="dn2" dataHost="localhost1" database="db2" />
	<dataNode name="dn3" dataHost="localhost1" database="db3" />
	<dataNode name="dn4" dataHost="localhost1" database="db4" />

	<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
			 writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
		<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
		<!-- 读写分离配置 -->
		<writeHost host="hostM1" url="192.168.92.50:3306" user="root"
				 password="123456">
			<readHost host="hostS2" url="192.168.92.51:3307" user="root" password="123456" />
		</writeHost>
	</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>

上述配置scheam name 对应server配置文件的虚拟数据库，指定了2个表信息，tb_user 表主键实现自增长，有4个数据库节点，使用userrule表规则。

dataNode 指定了真实对应的物理数据库节点，对应dataHost说明了读写指定的用户和节点信息。

配置表分片规则文件rule.xml

<"1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
	- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You 
	may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
	- - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - 
	distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT 
	WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the 
	License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations 
	under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:rule SYSTEM "rule.dtd">
<mycat:rule xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
 <!-- 配置数据库规则 -->
 	<tableRule name="userrule">
		<rule>
			<columns>id</columns>
			<algorithm>func1</algorithm>
		</rule>
	</tableRule>
	<!-- 配置数据库test tb_category规则 -->
	<tableRule name="categoryrule">
		<rule>
			<columns>id</columns>
			<algorithm>jump-consistent-hash</algorithm>
		</rule>
	</tableRule>
	<function name="murmur"
		class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMurmurHash">
		<property name="seed">0</property><!-- 默认是0 -->
		<property name="count">2</property><!-- 要分片的数据库节点数量，必须指定，否则没法分片 -->
		<property name="virtualBucketTimes">160</property><!-- 一个实际的数据库节点被映射为这么多虚拟节点，默认是160倍，也就是虚拟节点数是物理节点数的160倍 -->
		<!-- <property name="weightMapFile">weightMapFile</property> 节点的权重，没有指定权重的节点默认是1。以properties文件的格式填写，以从0开始到count-1的整数值也就是节点索引为key，以节点权重值为值。所有权重值必须是正整数，否则以1代替 -->
		<!-- <property name="bucketMapPath">/etc/mycat/bucketMapPath</property> 
			用于测试时观察各物理节点与虚拟节点的分布情况，如果指定了这个属性，会把虚拟节点的murmur hash值与物理节点的映射按行输出到这个文件，没有默认值，如果不指定，就不会输出任何东西 -->
	</function>

	<function name="crc32slot"
			 class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByCRC32PreSlot">
	</function>
	<function name="hash-int"
		class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByFileMap">
		<property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property>
	</function>
	<function name="rang-long"
		class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong">
		<property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property>
	</function>
	<function name="mod-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod">
		<!-- how many data nodes -->
		<property name="count">3</property>
	</function>

	<function name="func1" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByLong">
		<property name="partitionCount">8</property>
		<property name="partitionLength">128</property>
	</function>
	<function name="latestMonth"
		class="io.mycat.route.function.LatestMonthPartion">
		<property name="splitOneDay">24</property>
	</function>
	<function name="partbymonth"
		class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMonth">
		<property name="dateFormat">yyyy-MM-dd</property>
		<property name="sBeginDate">2015-01-01</property>
	</function>
	
	<function name="rang-mod" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByRangeMod">
  	<property name="mapFile">partition-range-mod.txt</property>
	</function>
	
	<function name="jump-consistent-hash" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByJumpConsistentHash">
		<property name="totalBuckets">3</property>
	</function>
</mycat:rule>

上述文件重点关注第一个tableRule、rule指定了分片规则在哪个表字段，algorithm指定了分片的算法，其中 func1 与文件后面function名称为func1对应，此处使用了PartitionByLong分片算法。

conf下增加sequence_conf.properties文件，其内容如下：

TB_USER.HISIDS=
TB_USER.MINID=1
TB_USER.MAXID=20000
TB_USER.CURID=1

主要申明了主键增长的策略。

四、Mycat分库分表实践测试

1.master节点手动创建数据库

master节点手动创建4个数据库db1，db2,db3,db4 (不要操作从节点)

此时打开slave节点，会观察到slave也会自动创建4个数据库。

2.开启mycat

使用命令 ./mycat start 开启mycat

./mycat start 启动
./mycat stop 停止
./mycat console 前台运行
./mycat restart 重启服务
./mycat pause 暂停
./mycat status 查看启动状态

如果启动失败，请查看 /usr/local/mycat的wrapper.log 日志文件信息。

FATAL | wrapper | 2019/04/21 14:36:09 | ERROR: Could not write pid file /usr/local/mycat/logs/mycat.pid: No such file or directory

如果遇到上述错误，请在mycat 目录创建logs 文件夹，重新启动即可。

[root@localhost mycat]# bin/mycat status
Mycat-server is running (5065).

上述消息则表示mycat启动成功。

2.放行mycat通信端口

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8066/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9066/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

使用docker镜像开启mycat容器实例

docker run --name mycat -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/rule.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/rule.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/sequence_conf.properties:/usr/local/mycat/conf/sequence_conf.properties --privileged=true -p 8066:8066 -p 9066:9066 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d longhronshens/mycat-docker

或者关闭防火墙。

3. mycat连接

使用navicate连接mycat，端口8066(9066为管理端口)

使用命令连接mycat

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p123456 -P8066 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257 MyCat Server (OpenCloudDB)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]>

管理端命令：

mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -proot -P9066

查看虚拟逻辑库：

MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+----------+
| DATABASE |
+----------+
| test   |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL [(none)]>

使用逻辑库创建表：

MySQL [(none)]> use test;

CREATE TABLE `tb_user` (
 `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
 `username` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名',
 `password` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '密码，加密存储',
 `phone` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '注册手机号',
 `email` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '注册邮箱',
 `created` datetime(0) NOT NULL,
 `updated` datetime(0) NOT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,
 UNIQUE INDEX `username`(`username`) USING BTREE,
 UNIQUE INDEX `phone`(`phone`) USING BTREE,
 UNIQUE INDEX `email`(`email`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 54 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci COMMENT = '用户表' ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

可以看到mycat,mysql主从都创建了该表

在创建一张表：

CREATE TABLE `tb_category` (
 `id` varchar(5) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
 `name` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '名字',
 `sort_order` int(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 COMMENT '排列序号，表示同级类目的展现次序，如数值相等则按名称次序排列。取值范围:大于零的整数',
 `created` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
 `updated` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,
 INDEX `updated`(`updated`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

插入一条数据：

INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (7, 'zhangsan', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e', '13488888888', 'aa@a', '2015-04-06 17:03:55', '2015-04-06 17:03:55');

为测试分库效果，我们插入不同ID的数据来观察一下：

INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (128, 'zhang02', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888882', 'aa@01.com', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');

INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (256, 'zhang03', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888883', 'aa@02.com', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');

INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (384, 'zhang05', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888885', 'aa@05.com', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');

可以看到数据分别分布在db1/db2/db3/db4,分布的规则取决于插入数据的主键在rule.xml 设置的分片规则约束。

查看mycat节点健康状态，在主节点输入如下命令：

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p123456 -P9066 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 16
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257 MyCat Server (monitor)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]> show @@heartbeat;
+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
| NAME  | TYPE | HOST     | PORT | RS_CODE | RETRY | STATUS | TIMEOUT | EXECUTE_TIME | LAST_ACTIVE_TIME  | STOP |
+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
| hostM1 | mysql | 192.168.92.50 | 3306 |    1 |   0 | idle  |  30000 | 1,9,6    | 2019-04-21 20:44:40 | false |
| hostS2 | mysql | 192.168.92.51 | 3307 |    1 |   0 | idle  |  30000 | 1,9,67381  | 2019-04-21 20:44:40 | false |
+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.36 sec)

上述 RS_CODE 1代表节点正常，-1代表节点异常。

查询mycat所有命令：

MySQL [(none)]> show @@help;
+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| STATEMENT                          | DESCRIPTION                |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| show @@time.current                     | Report current timestamp          |
| show @@time.startup                     | Report startup timestamp          |
| show @@version                        | Report Mycat Server version        |
| show @@server                        | Report server status            |
| show @@threadpool                      | Report threadPool status          |
| show @@database                       | Report databases              |
| show @@datanode                       | Report dataNodes              |
| show @@datanode where schema = "text-align: center">
修改schema.xml 文件属性checkSQLschema:




<schema name="test" checkSQLschema="true" sqlMaxLimit="100">


遇到如下错误：




jvm 1  | Caused by: io.mycat.config.util.ConfigException: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 97; columnNumber: 42; Attribute "defaultAccount" must be declared for element type "user".
jvm 1  | 	at io.mycat.config.loader.xml.XMLServerLoader.load(XMLServerLoader.java:111)
jvm 1  | 	at io.mycat.config.loader.xml.XMLServerLoader.<init>(XMLServerLoader.java:69)
jvm 1  | 	at io.mycat.config.loader.xml.XMLConfigLoader.<init>(XMLConfigLoader.java:56)
jvm 1  | 	at io.mycat.config.ConfigInitializer.<init>(ConfigInitializer.java:77)
jvm 1  | 	at io.mycat.config.MycatConfig.<init>(MycatConfig.java:72)
jvm 1  | 	at io.mycat.MycatServer.<init>(MycatServer.java:144)
jvm 1  | 	at io.mycat.MycatServer.<clinit>(MycatServer.java:96)
jvm 1  | 	... 7 more
jvm 1  | Caused by: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 97; columnNumber: 42; Attribute "defaultAccount" must be declared for element type "user".


请修改server.xml 文件，将user模块的defaultAccount取消：




<user name="root" >
	<property name="password">123456</property>
	<property name="schemas">test</property>
</user>


最后放一张mycat查询结果截图：



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