nginx实现动静分离的示例代码
(编辑：jimmy 日期: 2024/12/23 浏览：2)
一、简单配置nginx的动静分离
假设web1为静态服务器，web2为动态服务器，node2做代理
1.1 根据目录分开
web1只处理静态请求
[root@web1 ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/www/image [root@web1 ~]# yum -y install lrzsz [root@web1 ~]# cd /var/www/www/image/ [root@web1 image]# rz [root@web1 image]# ll -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 156848 Mar 13 11:31 nhrzyx.png [root@web2 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf DocumentRoot "/var/www/www" [root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
web2只处理动态请求
[root@web2 ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/www/dynamic [root@web2 ~]# echo dynamic10 > /var/www/www/dynamic/index.html [root@web2 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf DocumentRoot "/var/www/www" [root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
访问测试
http://172.25.254.134/image/nhrzyx.png
http://172.25.254.135/dynamic/index.html
1.2 通过请求分离
配置代理
[root@lb01 conf]# vim nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream stack_pools {
server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;
}
upstream dynamic_pools {
server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.lbtest.com;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools;
}
location /image/ {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_pass http://stack_pools;
}
location /dynamic/ {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools;
}
}
}
[root@lb01 conf]# nginx -s reload
配置hosts ，浏览器访问测试
172.25.254.131 www.lbtest.com
http://www.lbtest.com/image/nhrzyx.png
http://www.lbtest.com/dynamic/
1.3 根据扩展名分离
[root@lb01 conf]# vim nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream stack_pools {
server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;
}
upstream dynamic_pools {
server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.lbtest.com;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools;
}
location ~ .*.(jpg|png|gif|css|js|swf|bmp|jsp|php|asp)$ {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_pass http://stack_pools;
}
}
}
[root@lb01 conf]# nginx -s reload
http://www.lbtest.com/image/nhrzyx.png
1.4 根据客户端标识进行分离
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream stack_pools {
server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;
}
upstream dynamic_pools {
server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.lbtest.com;
location / {
if ($http_user_agent ~* "MSIE")
{
proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools;
}
if ($http_user_agent ~* "firefox")
{
proxy_pass http://stack_pools;
}
}
proxy_set_header Host $host;
}
}
[root@web1 image]# echo stack_web /var/www/www/test.html
[root@web1 image]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@web2 ~]# echo dynamic_web/var/www/www/test.html
[root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
分别使用IE和火狐浏览器访问
http://www.lbtest.com/test.html
1.5 使用客户端的pc和移动分离
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream stack_pools {
server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;
}
upstream dynamic_pools {
server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.lbtest.com;
location / {
if ($http_user_agent ~* "iphone")
{
proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools;
}
if ($http_user_agent ~* "android")
{
proxy_pass http://stack_pools;
}
}
proxy_set_header Host $host;
}
}
分别使用安卓和iphone访问测试
http://www.lbtest.com/test.html
二 、优化
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time =600 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 4000 65000 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16348 net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 16384 net.core.somaxconn = 16384 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 18364
[root@node2 ~]# sysctl -p
简单介绍keepalive和nginx
配置keepalived实现nginx负载均衡的高可用
keepalive更适合于见得IP漂移，如果资源服务有控制，heartbeat更适合，比如存储方向的高可用
三、 nginx反向代理的健康检查
nginx做反向代理的时候，当后端就的服务器出现宕机的时候，ngixn不能把这台realserver剔除upstream的，所以还会把请求转发到后端的这台realserve上，虽然nginx可以在localtion中启用proxy_next_upstream来解决返回给客户的错误页面，但这个还会会把请求转发转给这台服务器，然后再转发别的服务器，这样就浪费了一次转发，借助淘宝团队开发的nginx模块nginx_upstream_check_module来检测后方的realserver的健康状态，如果后端服务器不可用，则所有的请求不转发到这台服务器
check interval=5000 rise=1 fall=3 timeout=4000;
3.1 直接添加到配置文件
[root@node2 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream web_pools {
server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;
server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;
# server 172.25.254.158:80 weight=5 backup;
check interval=5000 rise=1 fall=3 timeout=4000;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.lbtest.com;
location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_pass http://web_pools;
}
}
}
[root@node2 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: [emerg] unknown directive "check" in /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:14 nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed
检查失败
下载nginx的模块https://github.com/yaoweibin/nginx_upstream_check_module，使用nginx打上模块的安装，当做nginx的升级
3.2 下载模块
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# yum -y install git [root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# git clone https://github.com/yaoweibin/nginx_upstream_check_module.git [root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# ll
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 Apr 13 00:57 nginx_upstream_check_module
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# cd nginx_upstream_check_module/ [root@node2 nginx_upstream_check_module]# ll
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 13 00:57 CHANGES -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7921 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.11.1+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8330 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.11.5+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8060 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.12.1+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8054 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.14.0+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5483 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.2.1.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7130 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.2.2+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7094 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.2.6+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6791 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.5.12+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8295 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.7.2+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8346 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.7.5+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8509 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.9.2+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6943 Apr 13 00:57 check.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 749 Apr 13 00:57 config drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 43 Apr 13 00:57 doc -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1709 Apr 13 00:57 nginx-sticky-module.patch drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 29 Apr 13 00:57 nginx-tests -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 112010 Apr 13 00:57 ngx_http_upstream_check_module.c -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 529 Apr 13 00:57 ngx_http_upstream_check_module.h -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2848 Apr 13 00:57 ngx_http_upstream_jvm_route_module.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11509 Apr 13 00:57 README drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 79 Apr 13 00:57 test -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3342 Apr 13 00:57 upstream_fair.patch drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 81 Apr 13 00:57 util
3.3 打补丁
[root@node2 nginx_upstream_check_module]# cd ../ [root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# yum -y install patch
注：因nginx版本更新，1.12以上版本的nginx，补丁为check_1.11.5+.patch
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# patch -p0 < ./nginx_upstream_check_module/check_1.11.5+.patch
patching file src/http/modules/ngx_http_upstream_hash_module.c patching file src/http/modules/ngx_http_upstream_ip_hash_module.c patching file src/http/modules/ngx_http_upstream_least_conn_module.c patching file src/http/ngx_http_upstream_round_robin.c patching file src/http/ngx_http_upstream_round_robin.h
3.4 编译安装
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx > --user=nginx --group=nginx > --with-http_ssl_module > --with-http_realip_module > --with-http_addition_module > --with-http_gzip_static_module > --with-http_stub_status_module > --with-http_sub_module > --with-pcre > --add-module=./nginx_upstream_check_module
出现一个新的目录 为objs
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# ll
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 187 Apr 13 01:04 objs
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# make
sed -e "s|%%PREFIX%%|/usr/local/nginx|" -e "s|%%PID_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid|" -e "s|%%CONF_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf|" -e "s|%%ERROR_LOG_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log|" < man/nginx.8 > objs/nginx.8 make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2'
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# ll objs/
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 41 Apr 13 01:04 addon -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 16895 Apr 13 01:04 autoconf.err -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 42396 Apr 13 01:04 Makefile -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5993600 Apr 13 01:06 nginx #nginx新的可执行文件 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5341 Apr 13 01:06 nginx.8 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7202 Apr 13 01:04 ngx_auto_config.h -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 657 Apr 13 01:03 ngx_auto_headers.h -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6412 Apr 13 01:04 ngx_modules.c -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 87120 Apr 13 01:06 ngx_modules.o drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 91 Apr 3 22:38 src
备份就得ngxin，并拷贝新的nginx
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ [root@node2 sbin]# mv nginx nginx.bak [root@node2 sbin]# cp /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin [root@node2 sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
nginx: [emerg] getpwnam("nginx") failed
[root@node2 sbin]# id nginx
id: nginx: no such user
[root@node2 sbin]# useradd nginx [root@node2 sbin]# id nginx
uid=1002(nginx) gid=1002(nginx) groups=1002(nginx)
[root@node2 sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop [root@node2 sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx [root@node2 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
成功安装
3.5 配置
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream web_pools {
server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;
server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;
# server 172.25.254.158:80 weight=5 backup;
check interval=5000 rise=1 fall=3 timeout=4000;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.lbtest.com;
location / {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_pass http://web_pools;
}
location /nstatus{
check_status;
access_log off;
}
}
}
[root@node2 conf]# nginx -s reload
3.6 访问测试
两个状态正常
关掉一个
[root@web1 image]# systemctl stop httpd
关掉两个
[root@web2 ~]# systemctl stop httpd
开启一个
[root@web1 image]# systemctl start httpd
[root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
成功实现后端检查功能
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